Construction (Design and Management) Regulations | Analysis

Construction (Design and Management) Regulations AnalysisCDM 2007 An AnalysisAbstractThis typography discusses the CDM 2007 regulations promulgated by the UK government that came into effect in April 2007. The youthful regulations made several veers to the CDM regulations of 1994, however it can st sinister be debated if these lead be able to bring about a radical transfer to the health and guard device condition in the UK formula indus chasten, and this is specifically the question under discussion in this paper.Keywords Construction, CDM, UK1.IntroductionThe social structure industry in fall in Kingdom employs about 7% of the sylvans total workforce, nevertheless accounts for over 25% of fatal injuries and 16% of the major accidents (Bennett and Gilbertson, 2007). This returns improvements in health and caoutchouc conditions at the work place a priority for the government and the industry both. wellness and s incoming go requirements at wind targets atomic em ergence 18 specified by the Council guiding 1992/57/EEC. Its management requirements were enforced in the UK through the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (CDM 94) and its practical health, rubber eraser and welf be values mainly by the Construction (wellness, refuge and Welfare) Regulations 1996 (CHSW). Despite the enforcement of CDM 1994, in that location oblige been concerns that the regulations were only promoting wasteful bureaucracy and red-tape that sic unnecessary burden on businesses and were actually failing to deliver on ensuring effective health and condom management. Several non-legislative remedies much(prenominal) as informal guidance from the Chief Inspector of Construction (through Nattrass Letter, 1995) and revision of CDM 94s supporting approved code of traffic pattern in 2001 by the HSE (Health and Safety Executive) were used to rectify the situation but did not proved very useful (Anderson, 2007). In 2002, the industrys spot to the health and safety regime was gauged through a major consultative wield. The feedback from the industry showed support for the principles of CDM 94 but revealed wide-spread dissatisfaction with their instruction execution procedures in the regulations which were perceived as vexed to understand and inflexible (Mann, 2007). The denotation identified the occupy of making the duties of lymph glands more proportionate to their level of influence and argued that the role of Planning Supervisor has been ineffective in ensuring health and safety at the construction sites. It was acknowledged that the health and safety record of the industry was neither morally take inable nor stintingally viable. The consultation stressed on taking the ownership and providing leadership along with setting ambitious targets from improvement. HSE promised to play its role by re-examining the legislation and its plan of attack towards enforcing regulation to make sure that they reflected the objectiv es (Murphy, 2007). The traceing conclusions were drawn from the industrys response on these issuesEarlier initiatives had not achieved the desired adjustment in the industrys approachThe CDM principles were generally supported, but the paperwork burden needed to be reduced as a lot of compliance effort was being wasted andthither was a desire for a set of clear, simple, unambiguous and practical legislation (and supporting guidance) for the industry, which should remain focused on the underlying objective of saving life, avoiding injuries and maintaining health (Bennett and Gilbertson, 2007).In the light of these findings, proposals were actual to improve the CDM 94 regulations over a period of 3 grades by HSE and an industry- running(a) group established under the Health and Safety Commissions (HSC) Construction Industry Advisory Committee (CONIAC). Widespread consultations were made and over 300 responses were taken into servant to the formal discussion document issues in 20 02 along with the HSEs experience with the existing Regulations. 400 responses were overly considered during the public consultation that occurred over 4 months during summer 2005 (Murphy, 2007). Following public consultation, the revise proposals were finally approved by CONIAC and by the HSC. These bodies represent all stakeholders including employer, employee and opposite interests (Anderson, 2007). Relevant Government Departments for example Prime Ministers Panel on Regulatory Accountability were also consulted throughout and their agreement to the proposals was obtained by early 2005. New CDM regulations were at that placefore drafted together with the supporting Approved Code of Practice (ACoP), developed in line with Better Regulation principles. These aim to reduce construction accidents and ill health byBeing flexible and accommodating the wide cast of contractual arrangements to be pitch in the construction industryEmphasising the need to plan and manage work sort of than the bureaucracy concernd with itEmphasising the communication and co-ordination advantages of concern holders working in integrated teams andSimplifying the way duty holders assess competence (Murphy, 2007).The upstart CDM regulations, cognise as CDM 2007 were enforced on April 6, 2007. The following section discusses they changes they brought to the CDM 94. It volition be followed by the evaluation of their bells and benefits while the last section will conclude the paper.2.CDM 2007In April 2007, the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (also known as the CDM Regulations 2007) replaced CDM Regulation 1994. The naked regulations were apply to all construction and property contracts/ ascertains held after 6th April 2007 and started impacting the major health and safety issues and rules in construction (Manion, 2007). well-nigh of the major insinuations for companies in property and construction business includeFor ongoing projects few transitional prov isions will be introduced.All the construction clients will be inevitable to do such arrangements which insure health and safety.For all projects starting after 6th April 2007 clients agent will not be allowed. thickenings will make a decla dimensionn the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of how long contractile organs will be given to plan and prepare for construction workCDM co-ordinators will replace planning supervisorsThe Client will be known as the headway contractor or CDM co-ordinator for measure in which appointments sport not been made of another person.Clients and duty holders will have more responsibilities (Manion, 2007).Here we discuss the key constituents of the CDM 2007 regulations and the changes these have brought to the Health and Safety and the role and responsibilities it assigns to different stakeholders.2.1Notifiable or non-Notifiable projectsThe differentiation between reported and non- notifiable construction projects still exist in CDM Regulations 200 7. For all Notifiable projects HSE should ask over a notice of the project. In new regulation on that point is slight change in criteria for notification of a project.According to the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 a modifiable project is superstar which is involve more than 30 years and 500 person days of construction work. The current change is applicable on projects that will involve this amount of work however more marginal/smaller construction projects are subject to the full range of duties (Bennett and Gilbertson, 2007).Another substantial point is that if a construction project has already been notified to HSE under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994, there is no need to give another notice under 2007 Regulations. The 2007 CDM Regulations also list the duties that apply to all projects, and additional duties that only apply to Notifiable projects.2.2Duty holdersIn the new CDM 2007 Regulations the duty holders will remain the equal. The stakeholders will beContractors or sub-contractors for construction projects.Clients, this includes commercial purchasers of constriction, people involved in engineering works and other construction services.Designers, the people who prepare and modify the construction designs.Principal Contractors, normally the main contractors of construction project.CDM co-ordinators, previously known as planning supervisors (formerly planning supervisors) (Manion, 2007).In nigh construction and building projects, it is possible that one duty holder performs more than one role e.g. design and build contractor can be the chief contractor, or a designer, or a CDM co-ordinator, or a commercial purchases.2.3General DutiesEach stakeholder in a construction project require to follow a specific duty however the core duty of every party is to co-operate and co-ordinate with each other. Generally in relation to health and safety issues, every person involved in a particular project will co- operate with other duty holders involved in construction work on akin or adjacent sites. In 2007 CDM Regulations the requirements of co-operating with duty holders working on adjoining sites are new and some time can be difficult to achieve. However the results expected are very good, therefore these should be follow (Anderson, 2007).According to CDM 2007 each duty holder involved in a construction project is required to co-ordinate their activates from a health and safety perspective. At all duty sites, duty holders will be required to take into consideration the general chief(prenominal) of prevention. These principles include evaluating and battling risks at germ, avoiding risks, adapting technical progress and giving collective protective measures priority over individual measures (Manion, 2007).The general duties of each duty holder at construction site are2.3.1The Clients DutiesNew CDM Regulation 2007 has change magnitude the emphasis on the client to ensure health and saf ety compliance. In many a(prenominal) construction projects clients will use experience professional to do them perform their duties. Under the CDM Regulations 1994, clients were allowed to hand over their duties to an agent, however they will not be able to use the services any such agents for all new projects after 6th April 2007. However if there is a construction site where a client is using agent to perform these services, under the transitional provisions/period, agents will still be allowed to continue in that role for existing projects until 5 April 2012 if the agent agrees to prehend the duties of a client under the CDM Regulations 2007.However it is important that clients check all arrangements with their agents (Anderson, 2007).Many developers have many subsidiary companies or do enunciate ventures with their partners or funders. In such cases there can be more than one duty holder fitting the description of client. According to new CDM 2007 Regulations one client sho uld be nominated to fulfil the client duties and the nominee must(prenominal)iness meet the new requirements. These duties includeIn-place the project management arrangements for health and safety.Check that for workers affluent welfare facilities are in-place.Ensure that adequate time is given to the principal contractor to plan and prepare for work.Provide all the information related to health and safety in its possession.Ensure that the health and safety files and any information that should be kept under the asbestos regulation are revised regularly.To ensure that originally the work starts the CDM Regulations complies with principal contractor construction phase plan. This replaces the health and safety plan (Topping, 2007).According to new CDM 2007 regulations, whenever a building is sold client must provide health and safety file to the purchaser and ensure that purchases knows the nature of the purpose of the file. The health and safety files can relate to more than one project, site or structure, and is subject to the condition that the information relevant to each part project, site or structure can be easily identified (Manion, 2007).2.3.2The Client AppointmentsAs soon as client knows sufficient about project to select a suitable person, and a feasible initial design or other preparation work has been commenced, the key indebtedness of Client now is to appoint a CDM co-ordinator. This appointment should be in-writing and until the time these appointments are made the client is believed to fulfil this role. At many construction sites the planning supervisors are appointed much earlier than CDM co-ordinators. Clients also have responsibility to take reasonable stairs to ensure that parties they appoint are competent full to comply with the relevant duties (HOL, 2007). There are detailed guidance in ACOP for assessing competence. No party it ought to accept an appointment unless it is competent to handle it. In existing construction projects the planning supervisor will automatically become the CDM co-ordinator and the principal contractor remain in place unless different appointments are made. To comply with Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 clients got time till 5th April 2008 to check the capability of CDM co-ordinator and principal contractor and CDM co-ordinators and principal contractors also got the corresponding time to ensure and improve their own competence in this field (Topping, 2007).2.3.3The CDM co-ordinatorThe CDM 2007 places the CDM Co-ordinator at the heart of the project to help to ensure co-operation and co-ordination and that all duty holders package the information required by the CDM Regulations. It is also responsible to advice and assist the client to discharge the clients duties (e.g. advice on assessing competence and on the project management arrangements to be put in place). The CDM co-ordinator is responsible for preparing (if not done), reviewing and updating the health an d safety file and submitting notices of the project to the HSE. It will be interesting to watch the interactions between the project charabanc and the CDM co-ordinator in terms of how each role is carried out in practice as the role of CDM co-ordinator is introduced only recently in the CDM 2007 regulations (Webb, 2008).2.3.4DesignersThe CDM 2007 does not radically change the scope of duties of the designers but expresses them in clearer terms.The role of designers is emphasised by HSE because they are involved in the project from early to final stages and their initial decision coin the health and safety during the construction phase and for end use of the structure. The main duty assigned to designer is to ensure avoidance of foreseeable risks to health and safety of any person carrying out construction work or using the structure/building post completion.If designers appointed on a British project are foreign residents, the person commissioning the design is responsible for ens uring compliance with designers duties. Careful consideration should be given as to how to manage this risk when appointing a foreign designer or off-shoring design work (Dunne, 2007).2.3. 5 Principal contractors and contractorsAs far as the contractors are come to, the feedback obtained at the consultation sessions suggested that the principal contractor and contractor provisions worked well under the CDM regulations 1994, therefore HSE did not seek to radically depart from them.The regulations make principal contractor responsible for the health and safety during the construction phase of the project.This requires the principal contractor to co-operate and co-ordinate with others, provide welfare facilities, direct its contractors and to check that suitable site inductions, information and training is given to workers. The principal contractor is also obliged to inform its contractors of the minimum time which will be given for planning and preparation for construction work. The contractors duties largely complement those of the principal contractor so that health and safety requirements are observed throughout the contractual chain. The provisions requiring worker engagement in relation to health and safety matters are also increased in scope (Coulter, 2007).The changes in the roles and responsibilities of all concerned have been discussed above, however the main focus in the CDM 2007 is to make those with the greatest control and influence over a project, namely the project team and the client, responsible for health and safety. The regulations also introduce a new role of co-ordinator in place of the planning supervisor who will be appointed by the client. The co-ordinator will be required to identify and extract all information required to secure the health and safety of anyone engaged in construction work. The other big change is that ultimate responsibility and consequently, liability for health and safety rests with the client for all construction projects. While the client can delegate the duties under the regulations, for example to the co-ordinator, it nonetheless retains liability for complying with the regulations (Anderson, 2008).3. DiscussionThe equals and benefits of enforcing new regulations need to be seen in the context of their social and economic effect on the society. In a Regulatory Impact Assessment done by HAS, the costs and benefits of CDM 2007 were discussed by examining the previous 10 years of accident data. The accident records of the industry are the basic unit used to benchmark the cost and benefits (Topping, 2007).Table 1 outlet of fatal injuries to workers and members of the public 1996/97 to 2004/05 (Topping, 2007)Table 2 Number of major injuries to workers and non-fatal injuries to members of thepublic 1996/97 to 2004/05 (Topping, 2007)The construction industry in UK is highly fragmented, has no entry threshold, itinerant and casualised. As mentioned before, the industry employs 7% of the workin g population and accounts for 8% of UK GDP, but accounts for 25% of fatal injuries and 16% of the major accidents. Construction work is inherently hazardous and the risks associated with these hazards are difficult to manage due to the constantly changing nature of the working environment. Tables 1 and 2 provide the number of fatal and non-fatal but major injuries in the industry from 1996 to 2005. The data is broken up by employees, self-employed and members of public affected by the incidents. The total present value cost of injuries and ill-health, including minor and non-injury accidents in the construction sector is estimated at 13.8 billion to 17.7 billion over the 10 year appraisal period (Topping, 2007). This means that any lessening in the number of incidents has direct impact on not only human but also on economic cost. Strict economic cost benefit analysis would however consider the savings gained through implementing CDM 2007 (by reducing the accidents) minus the costs incurred on enforcing/implementing CDM 2007 regulations. Here we therefore look into the costs associated with implementing CDM 2007 and the boilers suit savings due to reduction in accidents (Webb, 2008).The compliance with changed duties essentially requires two sets of costs to be incurred. Firstly, there will be a cost associated with familiarisation with the changed duties. Secondly, there will be costs associated with the carrying out of the changed duties (Thame, 2007). There are four main groups that will be required to familiarise themselves with the proposed Regulations contractors, designers, co-ordinators and clients. However the building block exercise is intended to reduce the chances for accidents. The data gathered from various pilot projects where CDM 2007 was implemented demonstrated the pilot projects wereMore predictable in terms of cost and timeMore productive than the industry averageSaferHad less impact on the environment andAchieved higher customer satisfac tion (Dunne, 2007).If the whole construction industry (including non-notifiable projects) achieves the same results as the pilot projects then project costs could potentially fall by 6%. Improved client leadership, respect for people, measurement and monitoring of carrying into action and greater supply chain integration are all key themes of the revised CDM 2007 package, and it is therefore likely that some of the productivity gains shown on the demonstration projects would be expected to accrue from the proposed changes in the Regulations. There is not an exact match between the changes in the Regulations and those trialled at the demonstration projects, and therefore it is not appropriate to assume that the full 6% productivity gains would flow from the changes. If it is assumed that implementation of the proposed Regulations leads to a 3% reduction in project costs for projects where there is currently short attention by clients, designers and contractors to planning, managing and monitoring then the present value cost saving from reduced project costs for all projects over the 10 year appraisal period is between 1.0 billion and 2.9 billion over the 10 year appraisal period. It is therefore quite clear that even by the measure of strict economic parameters, the benefits of CDM 2007 far out weigh its costs (Topping, 2007).Therefore the CDM 2007 regulations have been well received by most stakeholders. The industry professional bodies, employees unions, employers, concerned government departments and general public (Brindley, 2007). Industry experts see it as a major change in health and safety regulations since 1994, as John Malins, associate at law firm Davies Arnold Cooper puts it (They are) the most radical change to construction health and safety legislation since 1994, the year when the existing CDM regulations came into effect, he advance addsContractors, employers and designers would be wise to review their obligations now, warns Malins. Any proj ects straddling the April 2007 effective date will be subject to the new regulations, which apply to all construction projects lasting more than 30 days or involving more than 500 person days of construction work.Another expert in construction law, Ken Salmon of macebearer Jones also suggests that new regulations have radically changed the way Health and Safety Executive decides who is responsible for the safe procurement and management of building projects and for accidents. The new regulations and so aim to reduce the number of accidents on building sites from almost 4,700 currently per year. The biggest impact of the Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007 is on companies or individuals (the clients) who commission new buildings, even if they have no direct role in the work. Before CDM 2007, if an accident happened, such as a crane toppling over on a building site, it was considered contractors, designers or managers responsibility, however with the new regulation s, those who pay for the building works will also be in the frame (Anderson, 2008).Many companies may mistakenly believe there is not much new in these revised regulations but they would be wrong. Everything is different the definition of construction, for instance, will change to include demolition and dismantling. and most importantly, a client will not be able to hide behind its agent if something goes wrong. If he knows or should have known of deficiencies in the procurement, design, management or construction process, he will have a duty to do something about it and be at risk if he fails.Failing to comply or breaches of Health Safety Welfare law is punishable following a conviction in the Crown Court with absolute fine and up to two years imprisonment (Brindley, 2007).Deansgate Law firm Pannones partner in the construction team, Sean McCay spotlighted the costs of complying with CDM 2007, however he also believes that new regulations make it much more dangerous for the project team to start work without ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations and it therefore is a welcome change from the situation in the pastSuch enhanced regulation, and presumably scrutiny, is highly likely to come at a price leading to increased project costs as a consequence of, for example, the necessary legal and other professional support required to ensure the correct application and implementation of the Regulations. Under the new regulations the end-user client has many more responsibilities which cannot be delegated, and the practice of starting work prior to full planning, resourcing and documentation could become legally as well as physically dangerous for all concerned. (Dunne, 2007)However, notwithstanding its intended benefits, there has been some criticism on CDM 2007 as well as the whole approach of the government and society towards the health and safety at construction sites. It is argued that despite providing very comprehensive health and safe ty systems and referring to good codes of practice, CDM regulations have sucked the sense of smell of responsibility away from individuals. The responsibility for ensuring health and safety should not be something imposed by the government, rather it should be something that all members of the society support and consider as they all want to be able to about all aspects of their lives safely and productively. It therefore should even be important when no body is around to monitor. The Health and Safety Executive therefore should work more on creating awareness among the stakeholders and in general public and try to change the culture rather than producing plethora of documents on the issue. This point of view therefore emphasises on the change in culture where health and safety is not only seen as complying a code of conduct but is actually taken as a personal responsibility and of great human benefit (Coulter, 2007).Another criticism is that the new regulations with enhanced resp onsibilities on client may take the focus away from the contractors. According to this argument the safety in construction begins and ends on site, and it is entirely the responsibility of the contractors management, therefore the designers should not be restrained by petty regulations.The kind of issues involved in safety on site such as go from heights, adequate means of irritate, safe working platforms, tidiness, traffic and machine management, falling objects and so on, need not to be compromised by another impenetrable forge of bureaucracy and mountain of paper. The site safety adviser should spend 95% of his or her time on site, not form filling (Brindley, 2007 Coulter, 2007).There are also some question marks on the actual implementation of regulations. The effective enforcement of the legislation on construction health and safety issues is as important as the law itself. It is perfectly obvious that it is of particular worth having laws that no one knows about and that n o one enforces. It powerfulness be a little less obvious that if the law is too complex, difficult to understand or even incomprehensible in laymans terms then it might be, in effect, ignored. In occupational health and safety terms the one and only objective of any health and safety legislation is the prevention of accidents and cases of ill health within the work environment, and to that end there has to be good law backed up with effective, sensible and accountable enforcement (Anderson, 2008). The critics therefore suggest that despite changes in the law itself and to the process of its implementation, no changes have been made in the way it will be enforced and therefore some attention must also be given on ensuring that it is enforced across the board literally and in spirit.4.ConclusionThe paper reviewed the changes to the CDM regulations with specific focus on changes to the Health and Safety regulations. It can be learnt from the above discussion that the changes in the po licy include simplified trigger for formal appointments and preparation of plans clarification of designer dutiesRemittances for development Countries Research ProposalRemittances for Developing Countries Research ProposalBackgroundRemittance is a major source of external funding for ontogenesis nations. It has been an important source of migratory workers in countries suffering from labour shortage, and it also helps these countries in building up their foreign exchange reserve that help them to meet the balance of payments and help stabilize the value of the local currency against the US dollar. It is almost inflow from developed to developing countries have received great attention among academician and policymakers, because that transfers in form of remittances undertaken by migrant workers to their countries of origin increased substantially in the last decades. The data had reported by World Bank in 2012, remittances flows to developing countries have more than quadrupled since 2000. Global remittances, including those to high-income countries, are estimated to have reached $529 billion in 2012, compared to $132 billion in 2000. Developing countries is the largest share of remittances receiving. In year 2012, developing countries to receive it over 400 billion US dollar, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year and are expected to increase at an annual average rate of 8.8 percent in the next three years. They are also forecast to reach $468 billion in 2014 and $515 billion in 2015 of all flow to developing countries.Remittances generally reduce the level and severity of destitution, typically leading to higher human capital accumulation greater health and education expenditures better access to information and communication technologies improved access to formal financial sector services enhancedsmall businessinvestment more entrepreneurship better planning for adverse shocks such as droughts, flooding, earthquakes and cyclones and essentially re duced child labor. International labor nerve had estimated that remittances sent home by migrants to developing countries are alike to more than three times the size of official development assistance and can have profound implications for development and human welfare. Remittances can contribute to expectant poverty and building human and financial capital for the poor. However the enormous amount of matter, amount of money that migrant workers sent home is only 13% of the income of such workers receive. This means that the income of the remaining 87% of migrant workers to remain in the host country. It is approximately 1 trillion, so that migrant workers have greatly helped rise the economy of the destination country.Asian countries is the most important source of migrant workers, because most of countries are in the rank of top remittance telephone receivers countries in the creative activity (by the top recipients of officially recorded remittances in 2012) show that India has become the largest recipient of global remittances, received $70 billion, and then China $66 billion, the Philippines $24 billion, Pakistan $14 billion, Bangladesh $14 billion, Vietnam $10 billion, and Lebanon $7 billion. However, as a share of GDP, remittances were larger in smaller and lower income countries top recipients relative to GDP in Asian countries were Tajikistan (47%), Kyrgyz Republic (29%) and Nepal (22%).Research problemDuring the last three decades, remittances have become an important source of economic out egress in many developing countries, curiously in Asian countries. However, there are lots of literatures on how remittances impact to economic maturement of receiving countries, but the result of them studies are conflicting. For instance, some academicians believe that workers remittances have optimistic effect on economic development of recipient countries (de Haas. 2005 Pradhan, et al. 2008 Fayissa Nsiah. 2010 2011 Khan, et al. 2012). Adding more sch olars to explain that why remittances have decreed effect on economic growth. There are lots of studies to explain that remittances help households move out ofpoverty (Adams,2003), lower mortalityrates (Kanaiaupuni,1998)and increase educationaland housing spending (Adams, 2005). Moreover, empirical studies show that remittances can stimulate economic activity and motivate entrepreneurial communities (Durand et al, 1996 and Woodruff and Zenteno, 2007). According to Buch et al (2002), remittances can influence economic growth directly orindirectly. However, the degree of the latter channel strongly depends on supporting governmental policies and a supporting economic environment for investment activities. There are some recent empirical studies that have examine the relation between workers remittances and growth. Giuliano and Ruiz-Arranz (2005) find a positive effect of remittances on growth, specifically for countries with lowerfinancial development. Ziesemer (2007) proposes a sa vings channel that relates remittances with growth. He finds that remittances have a positive impact on growth, due to the ability to increase saving rates in countries with a per capita income of less than US $1200.On the other hand, other scholars highlight that workers remittances have also negative impact on economic growth of origin countries (Jongwanich, 2007 Karagoz, 2009 Barajas, et al. 2009 Ahmed, 2010 Edwards, 2010 Rao Hassan, 2011). For these scholars, there is no causal relationship between remittances and economic growth of developing economies. The reason why those workers remittances have no a positive effect on economic growth, these finding may lie in the encumbrance of disentangling the complicated links between remittances and economic growth. According to a study covers up to 113 countries over the period 1970-1998. This empirical had canvass by Chami et al (2005) found that international remittances actually have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Because of remittances do not serve as capital for economic development, but rather as a type of compensation for countries with poor economic outcome. However, in a similar study covering up to one hundred one countries for the period 1970-2003 had studied by Spatafara (2005). The author found that cautions that identifying the impact of remittances on these and other outcomes may be complicated by the problem of reverse causation, that is, remittances may both influence and be influenced themselves by economic growth, investment and education. In the literature it is sometimes argued that international remittances may harm economic growth by leading to real currency appreciation and a loss of competitiveness in tradable goods. This empirical had studied b Lopez et al (2007), the result show thats large scale remittances do lead to significant real exchange rate appreciation, which means that a 1% increase in the remittances to GDP ratio would lead to a real effective exch ange rate appreciation of between 18 and 24 percent.As discussed above, previous studies have propounded different results establish upon different theoretical and empirical setups. However, in the same empirical study there is also different in the result, even though using the same theories. Like the empirical evidence from Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka had studied by Siddque et al (2010), they found that growth in remittances does lead to economic growth in Bangladesh In India, there seems to be no causal relationship between growth in remittances and economic growth but in Sri Lanka the result show that economic growth influences growth in remittances and likewise. So, it is difficult for one to conclude on the growth effects of remittances, especially in a region like Asian countries. This paper focuses on the impact of remittances on economic growth in Asian countries. There is a need to examine the growth effect of remittances and answer the interrogation question that fol lows How do remittances impact to economic growth of some selected sending countries in Asia?Hypothesis of the studyTo investigate that how remittances impact to economic growth of recipient countries in Asia? I determine some of hypothesis to guide in this study followsRemittances have a positive impact on economic growth while a positive and statistically significant coefficient of remittances. This means that an increase in the amounts of remittances will result in increased to economic growth.Remittances have a negative impact on economic growth while the statistical value has a negative and significant coefficient of remittances. This means that an increase in remittances will result in lower economic growth.A statistically insignificant coefficient of remittances indicates that remittances do not have significant direct growth effect. Otherwise, each the positive or negative impact of remittances on economic growth will be depressed.Significant of the inquiryAccording to the previous studies of remittances, there are many scholars have been studied on the relationship between remittances and economic growth in developing countries in general, especially in Asian countries, has not been enough studied. Because most of researchers have not been only studied in Asian countries, there are some mix together between Asian countries and the other countries. Fayissa Nsiah (2011) estimated the macroeconomic impact of remittances and some control variables such as openness of the economy, capital/labor ratio, and economic freedom on the economic growth of African, Asian, and Latin American-Caribbean countries. Although Abdullaev (2011) investigated the potential impact of workers remittances on long-term economic growth of recipient countries in selected Asian and Former Soviet Union countries. Some of empirical had studied specific only one country in Asia. For instance, Khan et al. (2012) investigated the impact of worker remittance on economic growth of Pakis tan while Cooray (2012) examined the impact of migrant remittances on economic growth in south Asia. Very little has been done in the empirical studies analyze the workers remittances in Asian countries, but the oddment of them studies on relationship between remittances are different. The reason that is, Asia is a region that is characteristic in its. There are different on migration and remittances inflow patterns. Some of the available literatures on remittance in Asian countries is not fully focused on the growth effect of remittances. Jongwanich (2007) analyzed the impact of workers remittances on poverty in developing Asia and the pacific countries while Katsushi et al (2011) analyzed of remittances, growth and poverty evidence from Asian countries. Vargas Silva et al (2009) examined the potential of remittances for promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in Asian countries.Limited research has been undertaken from with this in consideration hence, previous literature has developed some theoretical and empirical consciousness in this regards by considering the individual link between remittances and growth respectively. This paper intends to combine these two channels in a single framework and try to examine the relationship between remittances and economic growth in Asian countries by employing panel data estimation tools and methodology distinguish it from prior studies that had challenges in handling endogeneity between remittances and economic growth of period from 1990-2011 in 12 countries namely Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand and Yemen Republic. Because these countries have remained an important source of expatriate worker and the number of expatriate has increased significantly over the years. Thus, these 12 countries offer a unique opportunity to examine the linkages between remittances and economic growth.Structure of the researchThe organization of the paper is as follows. Chapter 2 provides a review of selected literature on the growth effect and remittances Chapter 3 describes a background for the countries of interested Chapter 4 specifies of the research methodology, data and model specification while Chapter 5 presents empirical analysis for both the fixed and random effects regression accounting for both the country and time effects and some of diagnostic test results and the final Chapter conclusion of research finding.